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Available Abstracts
On this page we provide you with the mounting evidence of the abortion/breast cancer link. All abstracts were obtained from The National Library of Medicine, an online medical research service. Please visit their site if you would like more information about these particular studies.
Lecture by Dr. Joel Brind on Abortion-Breast Cancer Link (click here)
Available Graphs
Abortion/Breast Cancer Risk Graphs (click here)
"Trends and Risk Factors in English Breast Cancer" (click here)
By Patrick Carroll
Director of Research
Pension and Population Research Institute
British Journal of Cancer, Vol 91 Supplement 1 July 2004 page S24
Presented at the British Cancer Research Meeting 2004 in Manchester
"Total Risk Increase" (click here)
Shows the effects of both breast cancer risks associated with abortion - delaying the birth of a first child and the independent link between abortion and breast cancer.
Breast Maturity and the Development of Breast Cancer
Russo J, Yun-Fu Hu Xiaoqi Yang, Russo I. Chapter 1. Developmental Cellular and Molecular Basis of Human Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2000; 27:17-37.
Russo J, Rivera R, Russo IH. "Influence of Age and Parity on the Development of the Human Breast." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (1992)23:211-218.
Russo J, Reina D, Frederick J, et al. Expression of phenotypical changes by human breast epithelial cells treated with carcinogens in vitro. Cancer Res 1988; 48:2837-2857.
Russo J, Russo IH. Development of the human mammary gland. In Neville MD, Daniel C (ed). The Mammary Gland, Plenum, NY 1987:67-93.
Vorher H. The Breast, Academic, New York 1974:1-18.
Estrogen and Breast Cancer Risk
Henderson BE, et al. Cancer Research 48, 246-253, January 15, 1988.
Bernstein L, Ross R. Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:48-62.
Liehr JG. Is estradiol a genotoxic mutagenic carcinogen? Endocrine Rev 2000;21(1):40-54.
Potten CS, Watson RJ, Williams CT, et al. The effect of age and menstrual cycle upon proliferative activity of the normal human breast. Br J Cancer 1988;58:163-168.
Russo IH, Calaf G, Russo J. Hormones and proliferative activity in breast tissue. In Stoll BA (ed). Approaches to Breast Cancer Prevention. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990;35-57.
Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;288:321-33.
"Report on Carcinogens," U.S. National Toxicology Program, December 11, 2002.
Miller K. Estrogen and DNA Damage: The Silent Source of Breast Cancer? Jrnl Natl Cancer Inst, Vol 95, No. 2, 100-102, January 15, 2003.
Studies Which Reported More Than a Twofold Elevation in risk
(We will be adding a brief explanation for those that do not have an abstract available.)
M. Segi, et al "An Epidemiological Study on Cancer in Japan," GANN, Vol. 48, Supplement: April, 1957. (abstract not available)
Pike et al (1981) Br Journal of Cancer 43 Oral contraceptive use and early abortion as risk factors for breast cancer in young women
Nishiyama (1982) Shikoku Ichi 38: 333-43 (In Japanese)
Laing et al (1993) J National Med Assoc. 85:931-9 Breast cancer risk factors in African - American women: the Howard University Tumor Resistry experience.
Laing et al (1994) Genetic Epidemiology 11:A300
Rohan et al. Am J Epidemiol 1988 Sep;128(3):478-89
A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia.
Bu et al. (1995) Am J Epidemiol 141:S85
Other Studies Which Show Increased Risk
Ye et al. (2002) Br J Cancer 87:977-981
Brinton et al. (1983) Br. Journal of Cancer 47:757-62
Reproductive factors in the etiology of breast cancer.
Rosenburg et al. (1988) Am J Epidemiology 127:981-9
Breast cancer in relation to the occurrence and time of induced and spontaneous abortion.
Marcus et al. Am J Public Health 1999 Aug; 89(8):1244-7
Adolescent reproductive events and subsequent breast cancer risk.
Palmer et al. (1997) Cancer Causes Control 8:841-9
Induced and spontaneous abortion in relation to risk of breast cancer.
Lazovich et al. Epidemiology 2000 Jan;11(1):76-80
Induced abortion and breast cancer risk.
Daling et al. Am J Epidemiol 1996 Aug 15;144(4):373-80
Risk of breast cancer among white women following induced abortion.
Daling et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Nov 2;86(21):1584-92
Risk of breast cancer among young women: relationship to induced abortion.
Laing et al. J Natl Med Assoc 1993 Dec;85(12):931-9
Breast cancer risk factors in African-American women: the Howard University Tumor Registry experience.
White et al. (1994) J Natl Cancer Inst 86:505-14
Breast cancer among young U.S. women in relation to oral contraceptive use.
Newcomb et al. (1996) JAMA 275:283-7
Pregnancy termination in relation to risk of breast cancer.
Howe et al. Int J Epidemiol 1989 Jun;18(2):300-4
Early abortion and breast cancer risk among women under age 40.
Andrieu et al. Br J Cancer 1995 Sep;72(3):744-51
Familial risk, abortion and their interactive effect on the risk of breast cancer--a combined analysis of six case-control studies.
Hirohata et al. (1985) Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 69:187-90
Occurrence of breast cancer in relation to diet and reproductive history: a case-control study in Fukuoka, Japan.
Ewertz & Duffy (1988) Br J Cancer 68:99-104
Risk of breast cancer in relation to reproductive factors in Denmark.
Lipworth et al. (1995) Int J Cancer 61:181-4
Abortion and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Greece
Rookus & van Leeuwan J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1759-64
Induced abortion and risk for breast cancer: reporting (recall) bias in a Dutch case-control study
Talamini et al. (1996) Eur J Cancer 32A:303-10
The role of reproductive and menstrual factors in cancer of the breast before and after menopause
Watanabe & Hirayama (1968) Nippon Rinsho 26:1853-9 (in Japanese, no abstract available)
Dvoirin & Medvedev (1978) Meth Prog Breast Cancer Epidemiol Res, Tallin 1978. USSR
Acad Sci pp 53-63 (In Russian)
Le et al., (1984) British J Cancer 72:744-51
Luporsi (1988) British J Cancer 72:744-51
Wu et al. (1996) Br J Cancer 73:680-6
Robertson C, Van Den Donk M, Primic-Zakelj, MacFarlaneT, Boyle P. The association between induced and spontaneous abortion and risk of breast cancer in Slovenian women aged 25-54. Breast 2001; 10:291-8.
Studies showing link between delayed first full term pregnancy and breast cancer
Russo et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992;23(3):211-8
Influence of age and parity on the development of the human breast.
MacMahon, B. et al "Age at First Birth and Breast Cancer Risk,"
Bull. Wld Health Org., 1970; (43-209-21) Study reported "It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 or more." Its data also revealed a "suggested increased risk associated with abortion -- contrary to the reduction in risk associated with full-term births."
Studies for which an abstract is not available:
MacMahon, B. et al "Age at First Birth and Breast Cancer Risk," (same as above) Bull. Wld Health Org., 1970; (43-209-21) Study reported "It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 or more." Its data also revealed a "suggested increased risk associated with abortion -- contrary to the reduction in risk associated with full-term births."
Segi M., et al "An Epidemiological Study on Cancer in Japan," GANN, Vol. 48, Supplement: April, 1957Segi et al (1957) GANN 48 (suppl) : 1-63
Studies which did not show an increased risk:
Sanderson M, Shu X-O, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Hua Y, Gao Y-T, Zheng W.
Abortion history and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai breast cancer study. Int J Cancer 2001;92:899-905
Moseson et al. (1993) Int J Epidemiology 22:1000-9
The influence of medical conditions associated with hormones on the risk of breast cancer.
Melbye et al. N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 9; 336(2):81-5
Induced abortion and the risk of breast cancer
Burany (1979) Jugosl Genekol Opstet 19:237-47 (Serbo-Craot)
La Vecchia et al. (1993) Int J Cancer 53:215-9
Zaridze et al (1988) "unpublished" and referenced in Br J Cancer 72:744-51
Sanderson et al. Amer J Epidemiology, June 1, 2000;151 (11)
Abortion history and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai breast cancer study.
Adami et al. (1990) Br J Cancer 62:122-6
Absence of association between reproductive variables and the risk of breast cancer in young women in Sweden and Norway.
Newcomb PA, Mandelson MT.
A record-based evaluation of induced abortion and breast cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11:777-81.1
Goldacre MJ, Kurina LM, Seagroatt V, Yeaates.
Abortion and breast cancer: a case-control record linkage study.
J Epidem Community Health 2001;55:336-7.
Mahue-Giangreco M. Ursin G. Sullivan-Halley J. Bernstein L.
"Induced Abortion, Miscarriage, and Breast Cancer Risk of Young Women." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 12, 209-214, March 2003.
Erlandsson G. Montgomery S. Cnattingius S. Ekbom A.
Abortions and Breast Cancer: Record-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Cancer (2003) 103:676-679.FONT>
Other Studies of Interest: (Abstracts are not available for most)
Howe, et al. (June 6, 2001) JNCI, Vol. 93. No. 11.
Beral V (July 20, 2002) The Lancet, 360:187-95
Clark & Chua (1989) Clin Oncol 1:11-19
Brind et al. (1996) J Epidemiol Community Health 50:481-96
Stewart et al. (1993) J Clin Edocrinol Metab 76:1470-6
Witt et al. (1990) Fertil Steril 53:1029-36
Kunz & Keller (1976) Br J Ob Gyn 83:640-4
Melbye et al. Br J Cancer 1999 May;80(3-4):609-13
Preterm delivery and risk of breast cancer.
Kunz et al. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1976 Aug;83(8):640-4
HCG, HPL, oestradiol, progesterone and AFP in serum in patients with threatened abortion.
Russo et al. Am J Pathol 1980 Aug;100(2):497-512
Susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis. II. Pregnancy interruption as a risk factor in tumor incidence.
Remennick, L.I. "Induced abortion as cancer risk factor: a review of the epidemiological evidence." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1990; 44:259-264.
Patrick Carroll, et al. (2001) "Abortion and Other Pregnancy Related Risk Factors in Female
Breast Cancer," Pension and Population Research Institute, London.
"A Natural Form of Chemotherapy:" Full Term Pregnancy During or After Breast Cancer Treatment
White and White. Ann Surg 1956;144:384.
Juret P. J Chir 1976;111:211-30 (in French).
Donegan WL. Obstet Gynecol 1977;50:244052.
Schweppe KW, et al. Z Geburt-shilfe Perinatol 1980;184:1-10 (in German).
Barber H. Obstet Gynecol 1981;58:41S-47S.
Harvey JC, et al. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981 153:723-5.
Hornstein E, et al. J Surg Oncol 1982;21:179-82.
Wallach M, et al. Curr Prob Cancer 1983;VII:1-58.
Clark RM, Chua T. Breast cancer and pregnancy: The ultimate challenge. Clin Oncol 1989;1:11-18.
Petrek J, et al. Cancer 1991;67:869-72.
Malamos NA, et al. Oncol 1996;53:471-5.
Kroman N, et al. Lancet 1997;350:319-22.
Surbone A, Petrek JA. Cancer 1997;79:1271-8.
Mueller A, Simon M, Deapen D, Kamineni A, Malone K, et al. Childbearing and survival after breast carcinoma in young women. Cancer 2003; 98(6):1131-40.
Miscellaneous
Cates W Jr. Legal abortion: the public health record. Science 1982;215:1586-90.
Brind J. Abstract. Induced abortion as an independent risk factor for breast cancer: An updated meta-analysis. World Conference on Breast Cancer. (July 19,1999):9.
Evidence-based Guideline #7. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. RCOG Press, 2000;29-30.
Armstrong K, et al. Assessing the risk of breast cancer. N Eng J Med 2000;342:564-71.
Howe HL, Wingo PA, Thun MJ, Ries LA, Rosenberg HM, Feigal EG, Edwards BK. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973 through 1998, featuring cancers with recent increasing trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:824-842.
ACOG committee opinion. Induced abortion and breast cancer risk. Int J Gynec Obstet 2003;83:233-35.
Malec K. The abortion-breast cancer link: how politics trumped science and informed consent. J Am Phys Surgeons 2003;8:41-45.
National Evidence Based Clinical Guidelines. The care of women requesting induced abortion. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. September 2004.
Available online at: http://www.rcog.org.uk/guidelines.asp?PageID=108&GuidelineID=71.
Visited October 7, 2004.
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